• Core Idea: Based on the concept of procedures (or functions) that perform operations on data.
  • Characteristics:
    • Focuses on a sequence of steps or instructions to solve a problem.
    • Relies on control structures like loops, conditionals, and function calls.
    • Code is usually organized into functions and procedures.
  • Advantages:
    • Simple and intuitive for beginners.
    • Works well for small to medium-sized programs.
  • Disadvantages:
    • Can lead to spaghetti code in large systems.
    • Limited support for code reuse and modularity.
  • Examples: C, Pascal, Fortran.